L’analyse du discours consiste à étudier les fonctions du langage plutôt que la structure interne de la langue. Bien que les philosophes grecs s’y soient intéressés dès l’Antiquité, l’intérêt pour ce domaine n’est revenu en force qu’au XIXe siècle lorsque les philologues, puis les linguistes, ont repris le flambeau. Aujourd’hui, l’analyse du discours est fortement ancrée dans l’interdisciplinarité et tend à adopter une approche critique.
In my last post, I’d begun to think about the potential ethical and political role that translation could play with respect to how warfare and armed conflict is framed in the news. Drawing from Judith Butler’s work, I’d examined how the work of Roberto A. Valdeón gives us a better understanding of how the frames of war maintain their reiteration through news translation.
The gatekeeping metaphor was originally introduced by the German-American social psychologist Kurt Lewin in 1947. The key concepts in Lewin’s theory which primarily focuses on changing the food habits of a population are channel, gate, gatekeeper and force. For Lewin (1947, 144-145), the food moves through some channels in order to reach the family table, and there are certain areas (i.e. gates) within channels where decisions on what to select and what to discard are continuously made by individual gatekeepers.
The title of this post comes from Judith Butler’s Frames of War: When is Life Grievable? (2010, hereafter FoW) Bizarrely, the book was translated in French as Ce qui fait une vie: Essai sur la violence, la guerre et le deuil. We’ve lost the reference to framing in this translation, which is unfortunate, as it is framing itself on Butler’s account that determines what makes a life, and what makes a life grievable, or what makes the loss of a life appear as a justifiable outcome of contemporary warfare. Following the important work of Roberto A.
Damian Tambini’s article, “What are Financial Journalists For?” (2010) is insightful and worthwhile in framing its argument in terms of how financial journalists themselves understand their role in corporate governance and the broader ethical responsibilities of their profession. Tambini suggests that a better understanding of the laws, regulatory and self-regulatory mechanisms structuring business and financial journalism can help us understand the media’s relative inattention to risks in the banking sector prior to the 2007 credit crisis.
Une notion prend de plus en plus d’importance en journalisme, celle de « transparence ». On pourrait en dater la popularité avec le livre The Elements of Journalism: What News People Should Know and the Public Should Expect de Bill Kovach et Tom Rosenstiel (2007) et l’article « Transparency: An Assessment of the Kantian Roots of a Key Element » de Patrick Plaisance (2007). Cette notion est pensée comme une exigence éthique d’ouverture et d’honnêteté du journaliste envers son public.
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